One is the Global Positioning System, abbreviated as GPS. It consists of
three major components: space satellites, ground monitoring, and user reception.
There are 24 satellites in space forming a distribution network, which are
respectively distributed in six quasi Synchronous orbit with an inclination
angle of 55 ° and a distance of 20000 km from the ground. There are four
satellites in each orbit. GPS satellites orbit the Earth every 12 hours,
enabling any location on the Earth to simultaneously receive signals from 7-9
satellites. There is a total of 1 main control station and 5 monitoring stations
on the ground responsible for monitoring, telemetry, tracking, and control of
satellites. They are responsible for observing each satellite and providing
observation data to the main control station. After receiving the data, the main
control station calculates the precise position of each satellite at each moment
and transmits it to the satellite through three injection stations. The
satellite then transmits this data to the ground through radio waves to the
user's receiving device.
Note: This system was initially jointly developed by the United States
Army, Navy, and Air Force in the 1970s. Its main purpose was to provide
real-time, all-weather, and global navigation services for the three major
fields of land, sea, and air. It was used for military purposes such as
intelligence collection, nuclear explosion monitoring, and emergency
communication, and was an important deployment of the United States' global
dominance strategy. After more than 20 years of research and experiments, the
GPS system cost 30 billion US dollars. It was not until March 1994 that 24 GPS
Satellite constellation with a global coverage rate of 98% were officially
deployed. Now the application of GPS system is not limited to the military
field, but has developed into various fields such as vehicle navigation,
atmospheric observation, geographical survey, ocean rescue, manned spacecraft
protection and detection.
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