Difference between GPS and Galileo

　　GPS (Global Positioning System) and Galileo are two different global satellite navigation systems, which have some differences in design, operation, and certain technical details:

　　1. Design and operation:

　　-GPS: Developed and operated by the US Department of Defense, initially primarily for military purposes, but now open to civilian use. The GPS system consists of 24 satellites that operate on six orbital planes.

　　-Galileo: is a project of the European Union aimed at providing a global navigation satellite system independent of the US GPS. The Galileo system plan consists of 30 satellites, including 27 working satellites and 3 backup satellites.

　　2. Frequency and Signal:

　　-GPS mainly uses two frequencies, L1 (1575.42 MHz) and L2 (1227.60 MHz), while civilian signals usually only use the L1 frequency band.

　　-Galileo uses three frequencies: E1 (1575.42 MHz), E5a (1176.45 MHz), and E5b (1207.14 MHz), which provide higher accuracy and better anti-interference ability.

　　3. Accuracy:

　　-GPS: The accuracy of Standard Positioning Service (SPS) is typically within a range of 5-10 meters, with higher accuracy for military use.

　　-Galileo: High precision requirements for civilian use were considered in the design, and the accuracy of its public services is expected to be within 1 meter or even higher.

　　4. Service availability:

　　-GPS: Global coverage, available almost 24/7.

　　-Galileo: Although it has been put into operation, it is still gradually improving its global coverage capability.

　　5. Technical characteristics:

　　-GPS: uses code division multiple access (CDMA) technology to distinguish between different satellite signals.

　　-Galileo adopted more advanced signal structures, such as Doppler effect compensation and time transfer techniques, to improve positioning accuracy.

　　6. Application areas:

　　-GPS: widely used in fields such as navigation, timing, aviation, navigation, land vehicles, and personal navigation.

　　-Galileo: In addition to basic navigation and timing services, there is a special emphasis on supporting search and rescue (SAR) functionality and providing more reliable signals.

　　Overall, GPS and Galileo are both designed to provide global positioning services, but they differ in their design goals, technological implementation, and operational methods. User devices typically receive signals from both systems and other systems (such as GLONASS, BeiDou, etc.) simultaneously to improve the speed and accuracy of positioning.

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