GPS Global Satellite Positioning System

　　The full name of GPS is the global satellite positioning system. It is developed in the United States since the 1970s. It lasted more than 20 years and costs $ 20 billion. It was completed in 1994. It has the characteristics of global coverage, continuous work (all -weather), and high accuracy. The GPS consists of three parts: space part, ground monitoring part and user part.

　　In order to maintain the operation of the GPS, the GPS space must have at least 24 satellites running on orbit. They are located over 20 200km from the ground surface, which is evenly distributed on the 6 tracks (4 per track surface), and the orbital inclination is 55 °. In addition, 4 source backup satellites are needed to run on track. The distribution of satellites allows more than 4 satellites to observe more than 4 satellites around the world, and can maintain a good positioning and solving geometric image. As of March 9, 2016, a total of 31 GPS satellites in GPS constellations were running on orbit.

　　The ground control part consists of 1 main control station, 4 ground antenna networks, and monitoring stations distributed in the world. The monitoring stations are equipped with precision clocks and can be continuously measured to all visible satellites. Monitoring stations include the obtained satellite observation data, including the ionization layer and meteorological data. After preliminary processing, it is transmitted to the main control station. The main control station collects tracking data from each monitoring station, calculates the track and clock parameters of the satellite, and then sends the result to 3 ground control stations. When the ground control stands at each satellite to the sky, the navigation data and the main control station instructions are injected into the satellite. Ground monitoring section: The operation control of GPS includes three major subsystems, 1 main control station, 4 ground antenna networks, and global distribution monitoring stations.

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