From the current mainstream models in the market, the main anti-theft
methods include engine immobilization system (IMMO), remote keyless entry (RKE),
keyless access control (PKE), two-way smart key, infrared detection, airflow
detection and GPS satellite positioning, among which IMMO and GPS are the most
widely used.
The engine anti-theft locking system is developed on the basis of the
general VATS. It inherits the idea of VATS in the anti-theft principle, that is,
it uses the password of the chip in the key to match the password in the start
switch to control the start of the engine, so as to achieve the purpose of
anti-theft. "IMMO mainly controls the engine through the engine control unit
ECU. The whole scheme includes low-frequency transceiver, MCU, voltage regulator
and communication interface chips (such as CAN, LIN transceiver)." Zhang
Jianchen, Senior Marketing Manager of Automotive Electronics Greater China of
NXP Semiconductor, pointed out that, "Due to the size limitation, so many
components need to be realized with a special circuit board. For this reason, we
have introduced a new generation of single-chip solution ABIC2, which includes
LIN transceiver, voltage regulator and digital logic unit. It realizes the
remote ECU communication of a single chip. Only three lines (Power, GND and LIN)
are needed to realize the IMMO function."
Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) technology is most widely used in the automotive
field. At present, most models in the market from high-end to low-end have this
function. The principle of this technology is to control the door through the
body control module BCM, and just press the button on the key to close or open
the door. With the development of technology, some medium and high-end models,
such as Cadillac STS, Ford Mondeo and Peugeot 307, integrate this function with
the engine immobilization system. Zhang Jianchen said that in order to save the
cost and space of keys, NXP took the lead in introducing a single chip solution
integrating IMMO and RKE.
Keyless access control system (PKE) has been developed on the basis of RKE.
As a new generation of anti-theft technology, it is gradually developing and
growing. At present, it has gradually entered the mid-range car market from the
high-end car market. Not only high-end car manufacturers such as Mercedes Benz
and BMW have widely adopted PKE, but also medium-sized models such as Forte
Mondeo, Nissan's Teana and the new Mazda have also adopted this technology.
Zhang Jianchen explained that PKE is not a traditional key, but a smart key,
similar to a smart card. When the driver steps into the specified range, the
system will automatically open the door if it is a legally authorized driver
through identification and judgment. After getting on the vehicle, the driver
only needs to press a button to start the ignition switch. "As the first
semiconductor manufacturer to mass produce PKE solutions, NXP can now provide a
complete solution. The mainstream chip PCF7952 has the characteristics of high
integration and low power consumption, integrating all functions of IMMO, RKE
and PKE," he said.
The two-way smart key is a more intelligent anti-theft technology. The
two-way communication function is realized by adding RF modules. However, due to
the high cost, the large-scale application in the market still needs time. The
advantages of the two-way smart key are mainly in two aspects: first, it is
easier to use. The car owner can monitor the status of the car on the key
through LED or LCD display to confirm whether the car has been locked and
whether the engine is still running; Another advantage is that the security is
greatly enhanced. The traditional one-way key is facing the danger of being
intercepted or attacked when transmitting signals to the car. When using the
two-way solution, the car manufacturer can use various encryption security
algorithms to encrypt the transmission data between the key and the car.
For RKE and PKE applications, Microchip provides patented KEELOQ
technology, which is used to achieve code hopping transmission and lock or
unlock cars. Fanie Duvenhage, product marketing manager of the company's
security, microcontroller and technology development business division, said
that some systems send very short fixed code information to cars, and the
information is easy to be captured and re launched. In addition, in some
systems, the information is short, and it is easy for others to "guess"
confidential information, bringing hidden dangers to security.
"With our KEELOQ technology, the information transmitted each time is
unique. Even if someone captures the information transmitted, it cannot be used,
because the next piece of information will be completely different. Moreover,
the information is long enough to be difficult for others to guess. From the
perspective of security, cost and ease of use, KEELOQ system has great
advantages."
In order to improve security, TI introduced a new generation of low-power
PKE encryption transceiver scheme DST+, which not only has the function of
identity recognition, but also can verify the accuracy of this recognition. In
this system, the number of authorized spare keys, the date and time stamp of the
learning process, and other background information are stored, adding more
security features to the transceiver. In addition, through the integration of
RFID devices, this solution of TI also realizes the keyless entry function. The
identification device carried by the driver contains one or more antennas
connected with RFID devices, which can automatically identify the driver and
unlock the car when the owner approaches or touches the door handle.
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