Satellite navigation is a positioning technology that utilizes satellite systems to provide position and time information. The most commonly used satellite navigation system among them is the Global Positioning System (GPS), which was created by the US Air Force and has now become the most widely used satellite navigation system in the world. So, how does GPS achieve global positioning?

The GPS system mainly consists of three parts: ground control section, spatial control section, and user section.

Ground control section: It is the core monitoring and control system responsible for maintaining the GPS satellite orbit and launch plan. It includes five ground monitoring stations, three control centers, and some service institutions. The monitoring station determines the orbit position, clock deviation, and other parameters of the satellite by receiving satellite signals, and transmits these data to the control center for analysis and processing. The control center generates satellite navigation data and launch plans, and sends commands to satellites in orbit.

Space control segment: It is a system composed of satellites, including 24 satellites and 4 backup satellites. These satellites are high-precision clocks and electronic devices, and each satellite rotates the Earth twice a day. Satellites transmit radio signals to Earth, which can be captured by ground equipment and receivers and used to calculate position and time.

User segment: It is the part that uses the GPS system, including the GPS receiver and navigation equipment. The user captures the signal transmitted by the satellite through a GPS receiver, which contains information about the satellite's position, speed, and time. The GPS receiver sends this information to the navigation device, which calculates the user's location and displays it on the map.

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A - GPS positioning