GPS Global Positioning System

　　Due to the limitations of the Meridian satellite system, in 1973 the United States began to plan to develop a new navigation and positioning system, the GPS positioning system. After 20 years of hard work, the system was initially built and put into use in 1993. At this time, the system has a total of It consists of 24 satellites, including Block I experimental satellites and Block II, Block IIA working satellites. After the completion of the GPS navigation constellation, the use of C/A codes for navigation and positioning can also achieve high positioning accuracy. Therefore, considering the huge use of GPS in the military field, in order to prevent the enemy from using GPS to endanger the national security of the United States, the United States defense The Ministry stipulates that the SA technology should be implemented on all working satellites, that is, it is considered to reduce the accuracy of the navigation system. There are two specific technical means:

　　1. A technology that artificially adds errors to the broadcast ephemeris of the satellite to reduce the accuracy of the satellite ephemeris.

　　2. Technology, consciously adding a pseudo-random process rapid change to the satellite clock frequency.

　　On the other hand, in order to prevent the enemy from electronically spoofing and electronically jamming GPS satellite signals, the US Department of Defense has implemented the AS policy. The specific method is to add a strictly confidential W code to the GPS P code. After modulo two addition, a completely secret Y code is generated. Although the AS policy is a defensive measure, it also limits the possibility of unlicensed users to use the Y code, so it is impossible to obtain high-precision ranging codes, which greatly reduces the navigation accuracy.

　　Later, the GLONASS satellite navigation system managed by Russia announced that it would not implement the SA policy, so the positioning accuracy of its navigation system was much higher than that of the GPS system using the SA policy. Announced in 2009 to suspend the implementation of SA.

　　As satellite navigation systems play an increasingly important role in various fields of military and civilian use. However, the original GPS system has many shortcomings, such as: 1. It is difficult to receive satellite signals in hidden areas; 2. The energy of C/A code and P code is concentrated near the center frequency and is prone to human interference; 3. L2 carrier Ranging code is not modulated on the device, which makes it impossible for ordinary users to perform dual-frequency ionospheric delay correction, which affects positioning accuracy. Therefore, the C/A code was modulated on the L2 carrier of the navigation satellites of the subsequent Block IIR-M and Block IIF models, and later changed to the L2C code, so that civilian users can also use dual-frequency observation to improve positioning accuracy. Later, the L5 signal was added to the GPS navigation satellite after Block IIF, so that tri-frequency positioning can be used for non-military users.

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